Diseases and some type of it Skip to main content

Diseases and some type of it

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of part or all of an organism, and that is not due to any external injury. Diseases are often construed as medical conditions that are associated with specific symptoms and signs.

Some Types of Diseases Explained Briefly

Typhoid

It is caused by the bacterium, Salmonella typhi. The pathogen enters the body through contaminated food and water. High fever, weakness, stomach pain, headache, constipation, loss of appetite are the symptoms of this disease.  Widal test confirms this disease.

Pneumonia

It is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. This disease affects the lungs. The alveoli of the lungs get infected and filled with fluid, causing respiratory problems. This is a disease that is acquired by inhaling the droplets or aerosols that are released by an infected person. The main symptoms include chills, fever, headache, and cough.

Common Cold

The common cold is generally caused by a group of viruses called rhinovirus. The respiratory passage and the nose are commonly infected here. Nasal congestion, discharge, sore throat, cough, hoarseness, tiredness, are some of the associated symptoms of common cold, that can last for up to seven days.
This infection is transmitted when an infected person releases the droplets either through a cough or sneeze. These droplets can be either inhaled directly by other people or can be transmitted with the help of contaminated objects.

Malaria

It is a disease caused by a protozoan called Plasmodium. There are different types of malaria caused by different types of species of Plasmodium. Some of the species are Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malaria, Plasmodium falciparum. Malignant and fatal malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum.
The female Anopheles mosquito is the vector that carries the infectious form of the pathogen into the human body. Therefore, the malarial parasite has two hosts, i.e. human and mosquito to complete its life cycle.
When an infected female Anopheles mosquito bites a human, it transfers the sporozoites of the Plasmodium parasite. These parasites multiply in the liver cells and then attack the RBCs, rupturing them. When RBCs rupture, they release a toxic substance called haemozoin. This toxic substance is responsible for the classic symptoms of malaria – fever associated with chills. The spread of the disease can be controlled by killing the vector, mosquito.
Types of diseases

Amoebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica causes Amoebiasis. It is a protozoan parasite that is present in the large intestine of a human. Amoebiasis is also called as amoebic dysentery. This disease is transmitted by houseflies that carry the parasite from the contaminated faeces of an infected person to any food product, thereby contaminating it.  The symptoms include abdominal pain, cramps, constipation, stools with excess mucous etc.

Ascariasis

It is a disease that is caused by a helminth, Ascaris lumbricodes, also called the roundworm. It is an intestinal endoparasite found in humans. Muscular pain, internal bleeding, fever, anaemia, intestinal passage blockage are some symptoms of this disease. The infection is spread by contamination of soil, water, plants, etc. as the eggs of the parasite are excreted out through the faecal matter.

Filariasis

Also called as elephantiasis, this disease is characterized by the inflammation of the affected organs. Even genital organs can get affected by this disease. Wuchereria bancrofti and Wucheria malayi are the filarial worms that are responsible for causing this disease.  The female Culex mosquito acts as the vector for transmitting the pathogen.

Fungal Diseases

Ringworm infection is caused by Fungi. Some of the Fungi that cause this infection are Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. It is a very common infectious disease that is characterized by intense itching and dry, scaly lesions on the skin, nails, and scalp. Moisture and heat are the favourable factors that help the fungi grow.

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